Multiple Personality Disorder: Dissociative Identity Disorder(DID)
Multiple personality disorder-Dissociative identity disorder(DID) is attributed to extremes of stress or disorders of attachment. What some express as post-traumatic stress disorder in adults, when it is look upon in children its called DID.
This is possible due to their using greater depths of imagination as a way of coping. Coping with what? People who have been diagnosed with DID often report that they have been severely sexually abused, especially during early to middle childhood.
It is therefore possible that these individuals, in dealing with these sexually abused episodes, use their imagination to pretend it never happen. While protecting themselves from that evil, it lead them to adopt another personality, this bought on or helped to psychologically bring about the dissociative identity disorder.
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Multiple personality disorder is associated with the phrase split personality, and has a psychiatric diagnosis of the ACRONYMS (DID): Dissociative Identity Disorder. Multiple personality disorder is the former name of (DID), and is the most striking, yet only one of five dissociative disorders listed in the DSM-IV.
Dissociation is a term that has been used by cognitive psychologists in experiments on animals and humans. It's usage in this respect is in accordance with DISSOCIATED SYSTEMS that are composed of subsystems which are not functionally integrated.
Because these subsystems fail to share information with each other, they are considered amnestic. Behaving as if they are independent systems. The (DID) has called these subsystems alter personalities; switching suddenly in terms of control of the whole organism.
From systems organizational point of view, even though the personification of alter personalities is an incidental feature of DID, it still covers multiple personalities, and with PSYCHES of individual human beings.
What is even more disturbing is, all published research demonstrates clinically significant dysfunctional DID, is accompanied by extensive lifetime comorbidity for a variety of other mental disorders. This is highly a controversial topic, just like many people believe schizophrenia, included people with split personalities, which proved false by extensive research, we now come to a more professional debate from a clinician perspective.
Multiple personalities, split personalities are two phrases that are being phase out of the medical journal of mental disorders, HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL FAMILY HEALTH GUIDE on SCHIZOPHRENIA has stated that "split personality is not what schizophrenia is".
According to the DSM-IV rules, people with DID have three or four simultaneous different personality structures. This is refuted by the OXFORD TEXTBOOK of PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, which states, people with DID have only one fragmented personality, not a collection of different people in one body..
Finally there will be much more to write about in the future, we have much to learn about ourselves,especially the personality category. (DID) is very broad and underdeveloped, I agree with the OXFORD TEXTBOOK of PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, the rules should be the same and empirical for every foundation, organization, clinician, researcher, and group, and with the same discourse which applies to ANXIETY, DEPRESSION,PSYCHOSIS, and SUBSTANCE ABUSE.
In this way we have a chance to learn so much more, where we put people in prisons, they might need to be in mental institutions, and an institution of apprentice environment. Some of our great pioneers were DYSLEXICS.. who overcame their disabilities, and made great contributions to the world.
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A person that displays two different identities, has been diagnosed as alter egos. The history of individuals diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder(DID) by psychiatric means, usually contain previous records of diagnoses of different mental disorders, and treatment failures.
Even though there are still controversial issues, concerning (DID) the proposed diagnostic criteria for this disorder is as follow.
- Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states or an experience of possession, as evidenced by discontinuities in sense of self, cognition, behavior, affect, perceptions, and/or memories. This disruption may be observed by others, or reported by the patient.
- Inability to recall important personal information, for everyday events or traumatic events, that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetfulness.
- Causes clinically significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
- The disturbance is not a normal part of a broadly accepted cultural, or religious practice, and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance, such as blackouts, or chaotic behavior during alcohol intoxication, or a general medical condition which maybe complex partial seizures. Also In children, the symptoms are not attributable to imaginary playmates or other type of fantasy play.
The patients that are diagnosed with (DID) may demonstrate a wide range of symptoms, with various fluctuations over a period of time. Their functions can vary from severe impairment daily, to normal, or high abilities. Their symptoms can include:
- Multiple mannerisms, attitudes and beliefs which are not similar to each other.
- Unexplainable headaches and other body pains.
- Distortion or loss of subjective time.
- Comorbidity
- Depersonalization
- Derealization
- Severe memory loss
- Depression
- Flashbacks of abuse/trauma
- Sudden anger without a justified cause
- Frequent panic/anxiety attacks
- Unexplainable phobias
- Auditory of the personalities inside their mind
- paranoia
epilepsy, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, post traumatic stress disorder, personality disorders, and eating disorders.
This disorder is very broad and vague, even the medical professionals are still in the learning phase, via research and studies.
Treatment methods of DID may attempt to reconnect the identities of disparate alters into a single functioning identity. These Treatments include psychotherapy, psychiatric medications for comorbid disorders, and behavior therapy.
Some behavior therapists initially use behavioral treatments, such as only responding to a single identity, and using more traditional therapy once a consistent response is established.
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